Medicare funding and Reibursement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medicare funding and Reibursement - Essay Example The figures provided in the example have been used in the calculations. SNF base rate = 70% adjusted by area wages (hospital wage index) + 30% non-labor related portion (base adjusted for geographical factors x RUG weight). The nursing rate of $151 as per (Medpac 2008) will be used in the calculation. In terms of Participating Physician who accept assignment on each and every case the Physician bills Medicare and the patient 100% of the Medicare approved fee which is $125,000 in this case. Medicare will pay 80% which is equivalent to $100,000 and the patient will pay 20% which equals $25,000. In terms of a Non-participating Physician who accepts assignment on a case by case basis Medicare and the patient will be billed for 95% of the Medicare approved fee of $125,000. 95% is represented by $118,750. Medicare will pay 80% of $118,750 which is equal to $95,000 and the patient will pay 20% which is equal to $23,750. With respect to Non-participating Physicians who do not accept assignment the patient is billed for 115% of the Medicare approved fee of $125,000. This 115% is equal to $143,750. The patient makes the entire payment and Medicare reimburses 80% of the approved fee for non-participating physicians. Therefore, Medicare would pay 80% of $118,750 which is equal to $95,000 and the patient will bear the difference between what was paid to the Non-participating Physician which is $143,750 minus $95,000, which is equal to $48,750. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2010). Fact Sheet: Acute Care Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System. Retrieved: http://www.cms.gov/MLNProducts/downloads/AcutePaymtSysfctsht.pdf. Last accessed 31 Mar

Light peak( high speed opictal cable technology) Essay

Light peak( high speed opictal cable technology) - Essay Example Light Peak is defined to as a new interface technology of peripheral which enable nodes to connect devices of peripheral or other nodes through an optical connector. Use of optical technology has been in the industry for quite sometime. Telecom companies have used it for networking for years. Light, instead of a wire, is considered much more efficient means of relaying enormous data over long distances. The challenge is optical modules used in conversion of the electrical signals into optical were exceedingly large and expensive. By use of the newly come technology, there is a possibility for the firm to produce affordable and compact optical modules. There are several outstanding differences between optical cabling and electrical cabling. However, the major advantage of using Light Peak technology is seen in optical cabling substituting electrical cabling. Use of copper wire in inter-device communication has its demerits. The level of signal distortion increases with the increase in the distance and speed of transmission. Consequently, the interruption becomes too much that there is no reliable signal transmission between the peripheral and the computer. This explains the reason as to why peripheral cables have fixed lengths. Optical signals do not reflect the interruptions experienced when copper wire is used in signal transmission. This implies that optical cables can extend to serve longer distances compared to copper wire. Additionally, optical fibers are much thinner enabling more flexibility in cabling compared to bundles of copper wire. A recommended cable of Light Peak is almost of the same size of a strand of human hair. These optical cables can be increased up to a length of100 meters that will effectively serve every place within a household as well as enough for businesses. Light Peak technology has a close comparison with the allied USB technology. Although USB

China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

China - Essay Example In regard to records written about foot binding in China, the first records belong to the Han dynasty. Later records on the practice are believed to have emerged a millennium later during the Song dynasty. Chen however asserts that â€Å"though popularized in the Song, legends traced foot binding back to the Shang dynasty† (14). The Shang dynasty succeeded the Xia dynasty, which is usually associated with the beginning of civilization in China. It is however not clear when the Xia dynasty came to power. The elites who ruled China during the Shang dynasty are believed to have been descendants of the Neolithic peoples of China. Among the myths formulated about foot binding in China, one of them originated from the Shang dynasty. In regard to myths on why foot binding became a national obsession in China, Robertson points out that â€Å"one legend attributed its origin to the Shang Dynasty (1700-1027 BC) that one of the daughters of the Emperor was born with a club foot and he decreed that the Court ladies should have their feet bound to reduce their size† (15). Although myths had it that women had their feet bound to be able to perform the lotus dance well, this was not the real reason behind the practice. The real reason behind the practice was to satisfy the male obsession of getting sexually aroused by a woman who swayed her hips well. According to Robertson, â€Å"the feet were bound to deliberately deform them into the shape of a ball so the woman had no choice but to sway on the deformed ball shape feet† (15). Foot binding reduced the size of the foot to only 4 inches (Robertson 15). During bedtime, the deformed feet were covered using special slippers. The erotic arousal that the bound feet gave to the men was similar to that brought about by the breasts. When foot binding began, it was only practiced by the rich families and the elite in the Chinese society

The Wedding Banquet, 1993 Dir. Ang Lee Essay Example for Free

The Wedding Banquet, 1993 Dir. Ang Lee Essay Winston Chao and Mitchell Lichtenstein portray Wai-tung and Simon respectively, a Manhattan gay couple whose blissful relationship start to get upside down when Wai-tung Taiwanese parents fly in ( The Wedding Banquet 2004).   Wai-tung’s parents, unaware of their sons’ sexuality, are pressuring him to settle down and give them a grandchild. To please his parents, Wai-Tung, with Simon’s consent, opts to marry Wei (portrayed by May Chin,) their tenant who badly needs a green card to stay in the US (2004).   Wai-tung’s folks fly over to have the wedding banquet, which leads to complications such as Wei getting pregnant by Wai-tung, severing his relationship with Simon and Wai-tung’s parents finally finding out the truth behind their son’s sexuality and how they deal with it (2004). In the end, Wei has the baby, Wai-tung’s parents return to Taiwan, with   his mother still despising Simon but feels a connection with Wei, his father,   accepting Simon and dismisses Wei, and Simon, Wai-Tung and Wei are left together to raise the baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The film depicts interracial sexuality the way interracial sexuality is commonly viewed by society- like a fish living in a fish bowl, with so much scrutiny and interest. Gay relationships, whether we admit it or not, are still viewed by others as obscene. What more with an interracial gay relationship? That will have the self-righteous raise their eyebrows. For an interracial sexuality does not just deal with sexuality per se but must also confront the consequences brought on by norms and culture. Asian culture in general is more traditional than North American culture. And that is illustrated in the film. Wai-tung’s mother, for instance, after finding out that her son in gay, still does not warm to her son’s White lover.   What is interesting is how Wai-tung’s father dealt with the situation.   He did not just accept Simon as his â€Å"other son†, he also gave him the Hanabao, to symbolize his acceptance. Work Cited The Wedding Banquet. Dir. Ang Lee. Perf. Winston Chao, Mitchell Lichtenstein,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   May Chin, Jeanne Kuo Chang. 1993. DVD. MGM, 2004.

Gimpel the full :: essays research papers

In almost any culture, through the study of its folklore, we are almost certain to find the story of a wise fool(Hamlet, Tom Sawyer, Claudio, Don Quixote, Van Gogh, Forest Gump). The moral of most folktales stories involves a paradox regarding the philosophical value of being dull, or pretending to be dull. So is Gimpel a fool or is he so innately wise to know that pretending to be a fool is advantageous? Let’s theorize an experiment. If we set a table in the middle of a crowded park, and place a bowl of strawberries on it with a sign â€Å"Free samples,† it won’t be long before people start to take one strawberry at a time first. Invariably several of the first samplers, will come back, and on their second approach surely they will take more than one strawberry. What this experiment would demonstrate is the curiosity of human nature, and the almost irresistible tendency to take the most advantage of a situation where the participants have nothing to risk. So, in Gimpel’s predicament, we was declared by the villagers’ general consensus to be someone easy to take advantage of( a fool?). It was also a general consensus to place a prank on him, ever better and more confusing than the last one. The point I am trying to get across is that Gimpel was a gullible, sensible person, not a fool (the strawberry). It was probably the surrounding of his upbringing; the lack of parental guidance; or just a resolute spirit not to blurt his vision of honesty with the mundane trifles that made him so docile. He understood early in life his karma, and decided to go along with it. The villain here is the rest of the world; even the Rabbi leant on him. There was no a single person who came to his defense. He was the village’s unwilling jester. They wanted to ridicule him as much as possible, or to laugh at him if someone else did the same.

The Administrative Agencies in the United States and their Implications

Administrative agencies are apart from the other branches of the government, the executive, judicial and the legislative, but are able to exercise the functions of the three. These agencies are authorized and supported by the legislative orders, and are capable of implementing and creating regulations, enforcing and adjudicating. They say that courts do not possess these capabilities.The continuous prevalence of this kind of system has increased the popularity of administrative laws in the Supreme Court. It came to the point that almost 1/3 of the decisions to be made by the court is about the administrative actions.Take note that administrative agencies function on the most sensitive areas of the society, and thus were called the fourth branch of the government. The agencies have a comparable scope of authority and perimeter to the three above-mentioned branches, and thus their impact is very much anticipated (Barry and Whitcomb, 2005, p. 25).One of the disadvantages with this kind of system is that the administrative office takes itself apart from the people under their functions. Because of this, the decisions they make are lacking in sympathetic flavor and thus are prone to the erosion of public interest.The executive part may decide on the basis of a single person, and because of this there might be narrowness in the judgment of that person, which makes the decision not applicable to many, thus is susceptible to initiating conflict (Zwart and Verhey, 2003, p. 58).The United States has become an increasingly administrative form. In line with this, implications were identified and patterned before the American character (democracy, justice, quality of life). Aside from the implication mentioned above, there are other troubling implications which are even historical but still this kid of system has prevailed.The democratic options made this kind of order, and still are renewable as dictated upon by the many. To stick with this kind of thinking, the decision m akers in the administrative office must be free from interpersonal influences, and be strong-willed also in order to come up with the necessary actions.When the customary administration has come into abuse or distortion, this is a possible threat to the American governance (Salyer,1995, p 246). Interest groups are everywhere, and they may greatly influence the administrative actions (policy implementation) and even the legislation (policy adoption), or take control of them.It is of high tendency that government policies may be formulated in the absence of law, and the law be just allowed to be made by this fourth branch (Williams and Torrens, 2001, p, 357).ReferencesBarry, D. D., & Whitcomb, H. R. (2005). The Legal Foundations of Public Administration. Retrieved July 8, 2009, from http://books.google.com/books?id=MQkiiTv5yg4CSalyer, L. E. (1995). Laws Harsh as Tigers: Chinese Immigrants and the Shaping of Modern Immigration Law. Retrieved July 9, 2008, from http://books.google.com/b ooks?id=2WWkzfYnsrMCWilliams, S. J., & Torrens, P. R. (2001). Introduction to Health Services. Retrieved July 8, 2008, from http://books.google.com/books?id=95q7ZvXPd8wCZwart, T. L., & Verhey, F. M. (2003). Agencies in European and comparative perspective. Retrieved July 9, 2008, from http://books.google.com/books?id=KWaAh5jMiB0C

Assess the Extent to Which the Wilson Government Achieved

Assess the extent to which the Wilson Government achieved its objectives by 1970 To assess the Wilson Government which ran from the years 1964 to 1970 you have to look at what the Labour government promised to achieve if they won the election in 1964. You have to look at what the changes the Wilson government brought forward in their time in office and how the personalities of its politician’s effects decisions made. The election campaign in 1964 was a close run contest even though there was a low public approval of the current Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home.The labour party only won a majority of 3 seats. The reason for the decline in support for the Conservative party was because of events and scandals such as the Profumo affair in 1963. Looking at Labour in the run up to the General Election, they promoted themselves with a more modern youthful image that was more in tune with the times rather than the aristocratic feel of Home’s Conservative government, this lead the Labour party to create an increased lead when it came to looking at the opinion polls.Wilson then leader of the opposition went into his 1963 conference speech talking about how Britain was ready to fully exploit the â€Å"white heat of the technological revolution. † The labour party was trying to show itself as being the right force to progress Britain against the ineffective current political establishment. As Peter shore said â€Å"†¦ it was a case of smart Alec against dull Alec†¦ â€Å". The Labour party won the General Election in 1964 because of a skilful election campaign and certain errors in the Conservative party around the time of the election being called.The Labour party during the first years in Government between 1964-66 were successful in achieving its objectives, Labour wanted the tackle the problems in the Economy and the changing of Britain into a post industrial society. The Labour party therefore projected the image of following a  "third way† in which the economy would be managed with scientific planning. This lead to Wilson creating the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) with George Brown at its head, this department would be separate from the treasury and would allow Britain to plan its way out of the economic difficulties.It was created because the treasury was seen with being strongly conservative and the high ranks of the Labour Party considered this as key to Britain’s economic failure. The Idea seemed a successful resolution as France was working on a more planned economy also and had much higher GDP growth rate. However the reality showed that the government failed in its objectives. Ironically the problem of this â€Å"Super Department† was that it wasn’t planned prior to its introduction. As George Brown stated â€Å"I think it is a pity that we didn’t produce a ‘Blueprint’ setting out precisely what we wanted to achieve†.The treasury also went out of its own way to make the work of the new department fail, reports suggested that Brown’s phone was bugged to allow the Treasury to keep track of the dealings he made and the dealings of the office. Even though these difficulties Brown still produced the ‘National Plan’ which aimed at the economic targets set out in the General Election of 1964. It was an achievement to create this plan which aimed at stimulating industrial production and exports by encouraging cooperation between the government, employers and trade unions.It was a success that the plan was drafted however it was a failed attempt. The grand expansion targets set out in the plan were not met because at the time it was published the economy was in too bad of a way for cooperation alone to work. An emergency budget was released in July 1966, which aimed at cutting public spending and increasing taxes. This was seen as a turning point in the Wilson government in which the public had a growing d istrust about the government’s capability to fix the economy.In 1966 Wilson called a General Election in the aim of increasing his parliamentary majority, The Election was called for March 1966 and The Labour Party was victorious and increased their majority from 3 to 96. The Wilson Government had many difficulties in the period from 1966-70 with the difficulty with the trade unions due to economic problems leading to tension. Wilson believed that increasing inflation and Britain’s balance of payments deficit presents major treats to economic progress, wages and salary increases much be kept more in check.A prices and incomes board was established to regulate pay settlements. The trade unions hoped that the Wilson government would bring those benefits and they resented being lectures and told to be reasonable. This failure with the trade unions set back government objectives and the economy took heavy blows. The government was hit with a series of industrial strikes an d disputes which included the National seamen’s strike in 1966 and the Dockers’ strike of 1967. The Wilson government was running out of ideas on how to control the economy and in November 1967 devaluation of the Pound was introduced.This was because of the deficit being so large that Wilson had asked for another loan from the IMF, blaming the seamen’s strike. The loam was only seen as a stop gap. The Devaluation involved reducing the exchange rate of sterling from $2. 80 to $2. 40 for every ? 1. The aim was to make British goods easier to sell abroad. The delayed implication of the measures meant that the mere financial adjustment turned into a political and economic failure for Wilson and the Labour party. Showing that the government could not run the economy and had failed to deliver objectives set out in 1964 and 1966.Callaghan stood down as Chancellor in 1967 swapping places with Home sectary Roy Jenkins. The trade unions were angered that Wilson had tried to blame those for the government’s financial difficulties and many academics had concluded that Wilson overestimated the Balance of Payments deficit, leading to a failure in the majority of its economic objectives. However aside from the Political and Economic side the Wilson government did achieve some of its objectives in the social changes it set forth to create. The Wilson government can’t be criticised from its social reform.The Race Relations Acts, 1965 and 1968 prohibited racial discrimination in public places and in areas such as employment and housing and make Incitement to racial hatred an offence. More important social reforms such as the Abortions act of 1967 which permitted the legal termination of pregnancy and the abolition of the death penalty in 1969 which made permanent a measure that was passed in 1965 that had suspended the operation of the death penalty. These social changes and reforms may be said to mark an important stage in the modernising of Britains social attitudes. Many were the work of Roy Jenkins.He personified the tolerant, sophisticated attitudes that he wished to see become predominant in Britain. These were successful for the labour party and Wilson government. Showing objectives were achieved which cannot be said as much in industry and the economy. By the time of the general election in 1970 there was the feeling that the Labour government had failed to live up to expectations. The sense of disappointment was felt harsh by the young. Arguments stated that Wilson entered office claiming to be the head of a modernising and reforming government but really all that was changed was the style and not the content.In conclusion the Wilson government had some success in the social reforms it implicated but didn’t plan enough to address the economy and industry, it lost the support of the trade unions and was seen to be a failure from the public. In 1970 even through labour party optimism Edward heath walked int o 10 downing street as the Conservative prime minister with a 30 seat majority. This showed the ultimate fail of a clever but seemingly unorganised Labour party and government which didn’t successfully achieve enough of its objectives and therefore lost the 1970 election.

Free Essays on Imagination

Imagination The imagination builds fantasy landscapes and experience and then moves into them to see what they’re like. A great deal of us imagine thing we can not control. For example when we dream or when our mind gets away from us we cannot control the out come or what’s going to happen next. Then there are those imaginations we can control. For example you are sitting somewhere, anywhere and you spot this special some one you start thinking should I go over there and talk to that some one, but then you think what if. Your mind goes into this fantasy role play mode. Now remember you are controlling this imagination. So you get to decide what the out come should be to best fit you. I most cases our imagination is a lot more desirable then the real world. Sometime people take there imagination to far they start affecting they’re bodies. I think the best example for this is people who are anorexics. A lot of people, mainly young woman have this imagine of them tha t society put of them to be skinner. So these young women will change there bodies to what they think society what them to look like and these young women will start making them self throw up after every time they eat because it is easier and less pain full then surgery. But the problem is that they don’t stop. They just think I’m to fat I need to be skinner.... Free Essays on Imagination Free Essays on Imagination Imagination The imagination builds fantasy landscapes and experience and then moves into them to see what they’re like. A great deal of us imagine thing we can not control. For example when we dream or when our mind gets away from us we cannot control the out come or what’s going to happen next. Then there are those imaginations we can control. For example you are sitting somewhere, anywhere and you spot this special some one you start thinking should I go over there and talk to that some one, but then you think what if. Your mind goes into this fantasy role play mode. Now remember you are controlling this imagination. So you get to decide what the out come should be to best fit you. I most cases our imagination is a lot more desirable then the real world. Sometime people take there imagination to far they start affecting they’re bodies. I think the best example for this is people who are anorexics. A lot of people, mainly young woman have this imagine of them tha t society put of them to be skinner. So these young women will change there bodies to what they think society what them to look like and these young women will start making them self throw up after every time they eat because it is easier and less pain full then surgery. But the problem is that they don’t stop. They just think I’m to fat I need to be skinner....

23 Analytical Essay Topics on Political and Economic Development in the Third World

23 Analytical Essay Topics on Political and Economic Development in the Third World If your instructor had issued an assignment to do an analytical essay on political and economic development in the third world, you need to ensure that it has ample facts to support your arguments. Here are 23 you can use in your upcoming essay to secure a good grade. Conventional wisdom dictates that improved economic conditions help to lower crime. However, this does not apply to international terrorism. According to the economist, Alan Kruger, â€Å"There is little reason for optimism that a reduction in poverty or increase in educational attainment will lead to a meaningful reduction in the amount of international terrorism.† According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), 75% of unemployed people worldwide lack unemployment insurance. Developed countries can combat this by investing in labors of such infrastructure projects include: irrigation systems, wells, health centers, schools, and dams. High levels of public debt, unemployment and job insecurity are major problems that plague the third world. Under these conditions, future economic development seems grim. Political stability also remains a distant dream. Developing human capital needs to be the major goal of third world countries. Most developing countries have a thriving underground economy. Illicit trade and drug use is rampant there, negatively affecting the economy of the country. Transnational crime needs to be curbed in order to ensure the economic stability of the third world. Victims of poverty are more vulnerable to environmental changes. The destruction of natural resources such as water supplies and forests further degrades the quality of life for poor people. On the other hand, the conservation of forests will lead to a more stable water supply system and less soil erosion. As most of the world’s poor rely on agricultural activities for sustenance, natural resources are a matter of life and death. Illicit drug trade has a devastating effect on public health. Almost a quarter of all AIDS/HIV cases in China, Central Asia and Russia can be traced to IV drug use. Since drug trade crosses international boundaries, it is a problem that needs to be tackled before it expands on a global scale. Education levels is a major factor in the Human Development Index and improving it should be the focus of developing countries. However, improving education in developing countries benefits the economy more than simply improving literacy. Without the former, people may view themselves as outsiders in the political process. As a result, they have less faith in their fellow countrymen and suffer from poor health. Corruption is a major problem in underdeveloped countries, especially since countermeasures are hindered with complex obstacles. The World Bank has declared corruption as â€Å"Public Enemy Number One†. Access to healthcare is a major issue for the poorest countries of the world. A shocking example is that of Haiti, which has less than 1% of the total professional nurses required per person as compared to the US. The presence of significant red tape in developing countries is an obstacle in small business growth. Reducing the number of regulations can help this situation. A World Bank report showed that the number of new businesses rose by 50% in Ethiopia when the government made the regulatory process more efficient. Debt repayments are a major burden on third world nations. 39 of the poorest countries in the developing world have been granted full or partial debt write-offs by foreign governments or international financial institutions. Developing countries have highly restrictive trade policies in place. This has a negative effect on their balance of trade and balance of payments, eventually causing a slowdown in economic growth rates. A significant knowledge gap exists between the developing world and other nations. Even the dissemination of information via mass media has not helped bridge the knowledge gap. Third world nations have high levels of government corruption and weakened state institutions. Some researchers claim that such states are more likely to become failed and will be under greater threat of terrorism. The Fragile State Index is used to rank the strength of governance in major countries. Currently, the top three most fragile states are all third world nations. South Sudan is the most fragile, followed by Somalia, and the Central African Republic. Third world populations suffer from malnutrition. This leads to the underdevelopment of their bodies and minds. Studies show that over 200 million children under five years of age fail to reach their full development potential. Access to healthcare in the third world can be improved by using Mobile Health Units. These are very cost-effective, with the average cost per patient around $1.26. Such units can help prevent malaria and provide water sanitation services. Money markets in third world countries are not very sophisticated. Most third world countries have money markets which are poorly integrated, quite narrow, and in some cases virtually nonexistent. Access to better education and healthcare will speed up economic and social progress in underdeveloped nations. Over 1.2 million people die each year due to Malaria. The majority of the victims are very young children in Africa. The factors contributing to this high level of infection are: water shortages, poor waste disposal systems, inadequate housing, and poorly designed water and irrigation systems. Pollution kills 800,000 people annually. Urban areas in developing nations have high pollution levels, mainly caused by vehicles, industrial waste and energy production. Each year about 355,000 people die from unintentional poisoning. About two-thirds of these deaths occur in third world countries. The lack of knowledge about pesticides and toxic chemicals is often to blame for the majority of these cases. Climate change will prove to be devastating for underdeveloped countries. People living in the coastal areas will be most vulnerable to extreme weather events and sea level rises caused by rising temperatures. These facts should give you a good general idea of political and economic development in the third world. You may continue learning about it by reading our instructions on writing an analytical essay on the subject as well our 20 topics list and 1 sample essay. References: McMichael, Philip. Development and Social Change. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2012. Print. Terror vs. the Third World. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 3 March 2016, from nytimes.com/1986/05/11/opinion/terror-vs-the-third-world.html Alan B. Krueger and Jitka Maleckova, â€Å"Education, Poverty and Terrorism: Is There a Causal Connection?† Journal of Economic Perspectives 17 (Fall 2003):119-44 Yumusak, I., Bilen, M., Ates, H. (2013). The Impacts of Gender Inequality in Education on Economic Growth in Turkey. Procedia Social And Behavioral Sciences, 103, 1093-1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.437 Hanushek, E. (2013). Economic growth in developing countries: The role of human capital.Economics Of Education Review, 37, 204-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.04.005 Patrick, S. (2012). The Internationalist  » How Transnational Crime Hinders Development- and What to Do About It. Council on Foreign Relations The Internationalist. Retrieved 3 March 2016, from http://blogs.cfr.org/patrick/2012/06/26/how-transnational-crime-hinders-development-and-what-to-do-about-it/ Acemoglu, D. (2009) Introduction to Modern Economic Growth Princeton: Princeton University Press. Rodrik, D. (2007) One Economics Many Recipes: Globalization, Institutions, and Economic Growth Princeton: Princeton University Press. The Guardian,. (2013). Curbing deforestation in the developing world. Retrieved 3 March 2016, from theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/crown-agents-partner-zone/curbing-deforestation-in-the-developing-world Andreas, S. (2016). Education in an Uncertain World | Human Development Reports.Hdr.undp.org. Retrieved 3 March 2016, from http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/education-uncertain-world Stasavage, David and Daubrà ©e, â€Å"Determinants of Customs Fraud and Corruption: Evidence from Two African Countries†, Technical Paper No 138, OECD Development Centre, August 1998. Hors, Irà ¨ne, Fighting Corruption in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies: the Role of the Private Sector, study by the OECD Development Centre, to be published. Debt Relief Under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative . International Monetary Fund. 30 September 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2015. Shah, Anup (July 2007). Structural Adjustment- a Major Cause of Poverty.. Global Issues. Retrieved 2007-08-13. Edwards, S. Trade Orientation, Distortions and Growth In Developing Countries. (n.d.): n. pag. 1-37 Harrison, Ann. Openness and Growth: A Time-series, Cross-country Analysis for Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics 48.2 (1996): 419-47. Web. Gaziano, C. (1983). The knowledge gap: An analytical review of media effects. Communication Research 10 (4): 447–486. Gaziano, C. (1997). Forecast 2000: Widening knowledge gaps. Journalism Mass Communication Quarterly 74 (2): 237–264. James A. Piazza,Incubators of Terror: Do Failed and Failing States Promote Transnational Terrorism? International Studies Quarterly, 2008, 3: 469-488, p.470 Fragile States Index FAQ Retrieved 3 March 2016. The Fund for Peace Retrieved 3 March 2016. Grantham-McGregor, Sally et al., the International Child Development Steering Group. â€Å"Developmental Potential in the First 5 Years for Children in Developing Countries.† Lancet 369.9555 (2007): 60–70. PMC. Web. 28 Nov. 2014. Walsh, J., and K. Warren. Control of Infectious Disease in Developing Countries. New England Journal of Medicine 304.1 (1981): n. pag. 967-974 Yà ±ez, L, Ortiz, D, Calderon, J, Batres, L, Carrizales, L, Mejia, J et al. Overview of human health and chemical mixtures: problems facing developing countries. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002; 110 (6): 901-909. Taylor, LH, Latham, SM Woolhouse, ME. Risk factors for human disease emergence. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001; 356 (1411): 983-9. The World health report 2002 reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2002. Goldman, L, Tran, N. Toxics and poverty: the impact of toxic substances on the poor in developing countries. Washington, DC, The World Bank, 2002. FAO/UNEP/WHO. Childhood pesticide poisoning: information for advocacy and action. Geneva, United Nations Environment Programme, 2004. Tichenor, P.J., Donohue, G.A. and Olien, C.N. (1970). Mass Media Flow and Differential Growth in Knowledge, Public Opinion Quarterly 34: Colombia University Press.

Towton - Battle of Towton - Wars of the Roses - Edward IV

Towton - Battle of Towton - Wars of the Roses - Edward IV Battle of Towton: Date Conflict: The Battle of Towton was fought on March 29, 1461, during the Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). Armies Commanders Yorkists Edward IV20,000-36,000 men Lancastrians Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset25,000-42,000 men Battle of Towton - Background: Beginning in 1455, the Wars of the Roses saw a dynastic conflict erupt between King Henry VI (Lancastrians) and the out-of-favor Richard, Duke of York (Yorkists). Prone to bouts of insanity, Henrys cause was chiefly advocated by his wife, Margaret of Anjou, who sought to protect their sons, Edward of Westminster, birthright. In 1460, the fighting escalated with Yorkist forces winning the Battle of Northampton and capturing Henry. Seeking to assert his power, Richard attempted to claim the throne after the victory. Blocked from this by his supporters, he agreed to the Act of Accord which disinherited Henrys son and stated that Richard would ascend to the throne upon the kings death. Unwilling to let this stand, Margaret raised an army in northern England to revive the Lancastrian cause. Marching north in late 1460, Richard was defeated and killed at the Battle of Wakefield. Moving south, Margarets army defeated the Earl of Warwick at the Second Battle of St. Albans and recovered Henry. Advancing on London, her army was prevented from entering the city by the Council of London which feared looting. Battle of Towton - A King Made: As Henry was unwilling to enter the city by force, negotiations began between Margaret and the council. During this time, she learned that Richards son, Edward, Earl of March, had defeated Lancastrian forces near the Welsh border at Mortimers Cross and was uniting with the remnants of Warwicks army. Concerned about this threat to their rear, the Lancastrian army began withdrawing northwards to a defensible line along the River Aire. From here they could safely await reinforcements from the north. A skillful politician, Warwick brought Edward to London and on March 4 had him crowned as King Edward IV. Battle of Towton - Initial Encounters: Seeking to defend his newly won crown, Edward immediately began moving to crush the Lancastrian forces in the north. Departing on March 11, the army marched north in three divisions under the command of Warwick, Lord Fauconberg, and Edward. In addition, John Mowbry, Duke of Norfolk, was sent to the eastern counties to raise additional troops. As the Yorkists advanced, Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, commanding the Lancastrian army began making preparations for battle. Leaving Henry, Margaret, and Prince Edward at York, he deployed his forces between the villages of Saxton and Towton. On March 28, 500 Lancastrians under John Neville and Lord Clifford attacked a Yorkist detachment at Ferrybridge. Overwhelming men under Lord Fitzwater, they secured the bridge over the Aire. Learning of this, Edward organized a counterattack and sent Warwick to attack Ferrybridge. To support this advance, Fauconberg was ordered to cross the river four miles upstream at Castleford and move to attack Cliffords right flank. While Warwicks assault was largely held, Clifford was forced to fall back when Fauconberg arrived. In a running fight, the Lancastrians were defeated and Clifford was killed near Dinting Dale. Battle of Towton - Battle Joined: The crossing retaken, Edward advanced across the river the next morning, Palm Sunday, despite the fact that Norfolk still had not arrived. Aware of the previous days defeat, Somerset deployed the Lancastrian army on a high plateau with its right anchored on the stream of the Cock Beck. Though the Lancastrians occupied a strong a position and had a numerical advantage, the weather worked against them as the wind was in their face. A snowy day, this blew the snow in their eyes and limited visibility. Forming to the south, the veteran Fauconberg advanced his archers and opened fire. Assisted by the strong the wind, the Yorkist arrows fell in the Lancastrian ranks causing casualties. Replying, the Lancastrian archers arrows were hampered by the wind and fell short of the enemys line. Unable to see this due to the weather, they emptied their quivers to no effect. Again the Yorkist archers advanced, gathering up the Lancastrian arrows and shooting them back. With losses mounting, Somerset was forced to take action and ordered his troops forward with a cry of King Henry! Slamming into the Yorkist line, they slowly began pushing them back (Map). On the Lancastrian right, Somersets cavalry succeeded in driving off its opposite number, but the threat was contained when Edward shifted troops block their advance. Details pertaining the fighting are scarce, but it is known that Edward flew about the field encouraging his men to hold and fight. As the battle raged, the weather worsened and several impromptu truces were called to clear the dead and wounded from between the lines. With his army under severe pressure, Edwards fortunes were bolstered when Norfolk arrived after noon. Joining Edwards right, his fresh troops slowly began to turn the battle. Outflanked by the new arrivals, Somerset shifted troops from his right and center to meet the threat. As the fighting continued, Norfolks men began to push back the Lancastrian right as Somersets men tired. Finally as their line neared Towton Dale, it broke and with it the entire Lancastrian army. Collapsing into full retreat, they fled north in an attempt to cross the Cock Beck. In full pursuit, Edwards men inflicted severe losses on the retreating Lancastrians. At the river a small timber bridge quickly collapsed and others reportedly crossed on a bridge of bodies. Sending horsemen forward, Edward pursued the fleeing soldiers through the night as the remnants of Somersets army retreated to York. Battle of Towton - Aftermath: Casualties for the Battle of Towton are not known with any precision though some sources indicate they may have been has high as 28,000 total. Others estimate losses around 20,000 with 15,000 for Somerset and 5,000 for Edward. The largest battle fought in Britain, Towton was a decisive victory for Edward and effectively secured his crown. Abandoning York, Henry and Margaret fled north to Scotland before separating with the latter ultimately going to France to seek aid. Though some fighting continued for the next decade, Edward ruled in relative peace until the Readeption of Henry VI in 1470. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Battle of TowtonUK Battlfields Resource Centre: Battle of Towton

Business Plan for Car Hire Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Advanced Corporate Finance Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advanced Corporate Finance Assignment - Essay Example Johansson declines to any more talks on a merger. Two days later, Pfizer decides to make its interest on AstraZeneca public. It reaches 2nd May, 2014, when Pfizer raises its offer to  £63bn to AstraZeneca. The offer was attached with the pledge for Pfizer to attach its European operations in and 20% of the merged companys workforce be located at Cambridge for the first five years. Still there was a rejection of this second offer by AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca goes ahead on 6th May, 2014, to publish a strategy update that highlighted its drugs in development. On 7th May, there was a call to issue a stronger reassurance by Pfizer. This followed the unrest over the political pressure of job losses and cut on the UK science researchers. A day later, the former science Minister, Lord Sainsbury accuses Pfizer of being an asset stripper, hence urges that the companys takeover interest should be blocked. On 10th May, Read, in a video, on the official Pfizer website, refers to the merger as a win-win situation and prefers the use of AstraZenecas Cambridge science hub and the UKs science researchers in general. Pascal Soriot, who is the chief executive of AstraZeneca, says the merger would risk lives by delaying drug development. Read then admits that the merger would for sure lead to job cuts and reduced research spending. The chair of this committee then writes to the science minister expressing his concerns over the merger case. On 16th May, there was an increased bid by the labors shadow business secretary to block Pfizer from the takeover. The government officials, on 18th May, agreed to amend the terms of the British governments public interest test. In this light, only ministers were allowed to block takeovers after adequate concerns were raised against the takeover. On the same day, Pfizer raised its offer to  £69.4bn which makes AstraZeneca to be very eager to get back into the negotiations. However, AstraZeneca still rejected the last

Concepts of Learning And the Factors That Affect Student Learning Essay

Concepts of Learning And the Factors That Affect Student Learning - Essay Example This report sresses that the humanistic approach by respecting the human undertone it recognizes the individual differences and in effect helps learners in performing well. The teachers are also motivated to perform in the same respect. This is a positive attribute of the approach which serves to underscore the importance of humanity. The school of humanism postulates that individuals have internal drives that push them to achieve their goals. In a learning environment it is understood that it is in the interest of the participants to succeed. Both the teachers and the students aspire to be successful in the pursuit of their goals. While the teaching staffs aspire to rise through the ranks in their careers, the student community desires to excel in their studies. The benefits of the theory have been transferred to other professions. These fields include theory, economics, or other business courses. This paper makes a conclusion that learning is an ongoing process in human lives. On the basis of humanity, the ‘feeling good’ effect is paramount in scaling greater heights in the learning cycle. Other schools like cognitive can also be useful in explaining the learning process. The acquisition of new knowledge is quite beneficial and it should be encouraged irrespective of the method employed. Through the use of both summative and formative assessments, the level of progression made in the learning experience can be determined.

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microeconomics - Essay Example 2. Explain the difference between a private good and a public good. Why has there been an increase in the number of public goods "produced" by governments? Public Goods are goods that are non-rival and non-excludable, quite the opposite of Private Goods (Experimental Economics Center). Public goods, being non-rival, means that the marginal utility used-up by one consumer does not limit the marginal utility that another consumer will use. Private goods, on the other hand, are rival goods, which mean that if there are a total of 10 pencils in the market and Consumer A utilizes 4 of those pencils, then the marginal utility enjoyed by Consumer B is decreased to only 6 pencils. Public goods are non-excludable; which basically means that one consumer does not block other consumers from using up the public good. This differs from private goods in that should consumers use up the supply of private goods, other consumers are excluded from enjoying the private good. In Economics, one of the ca uses of Market Failure is public good and the tendency of the consumers to free-ride.

'la ci darem la mano' by Mozart from the opera Don Giovanni Essay

'la ci darem la mano' by Mozart from the opera Don Giovanni - Essay Example 6 of Don Giovanni". (Donelan) In this piece Mozart used the elements of rhythm. . He used specific instruments to convey the mood and settings of an opera as he did using this piece. An example of this is Mozart uses the clarinet to set the mood using rhythm. In this piece he used its sensuous and different timbre for astounding effect. He frequently associated the clarinet with female upper class characters. He cleverly uses the elements in this piece for example it is the clarinet's first appearance following the overture in Don Giovanni and is reserved for Donna Elvira's entrance. (Donelan) In conclusion, it can be said that Mozart used the elements in Don Giovanni to produce an effective setting for the text. He brilliantly does this in all of his works just as he did in the piece under discussion. If familiar with Mozart's work this should not be a new premise. He was a brilliant and innovative composer. He is known as one of the most compelling figures in music for over two hundred years.

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Microeconomics - Essay Example 2. Explain the difference between a private good and a public good. Why has there been an increase in the number of public goods "produced" by governments? Public Goods are goods that are non-rival and non-excludable, quite the opposite of Private Goods (Experimental Economics Center). Public goods, being non-rival, means that the marginal utility used-up by one consumer does not limit the marginal utility that another consumer will use. Private goods, on the other hand, are rival goods, which mean that if there are a total of 10 pencils in the market and Consumer A utilizes 4 of those pencils, then the marginal utility enjoyed by Consumer B is decreased to only 6 pencils. Public goods are non-excludable; which basically means that one consumer does not block other consumers from using up the public good. This differs from private goods in that should consumers use up the supply of private goods, other consumers are excluded from enjoying the private good. In Economics, one of the ca uses of Market Failure is public good and the tendency of the consumers to free-ride.

Business Intelligence Table of contacts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Intelligence Table of contacts - Essay Example Technology helps develop the basis of business intelligence as its availability is the actual platform upon which business intelligence is based. What this suggests is the fact that the technological regimes would manifest a solid meaning and implication for the different processes to be completed within the business intelligence ranks. Whether or not technology comes out here as a significant tool is for the understanding of the people who are behind such an exercise. This is important because technological changes and amendments need to be incorporated within the business intelligence realms and without the incorporation of the same, there would not be any success for the sake of the business intelligence in the long run (Fuld, 1991). A number of renowned technological giants like IBM, HP and Microsoft are devising business intelligence software and tools to tackle the business related issues within a globally changing organizational climate. The role of the people and the processe s within business intelligence is such that they form the vital link through which work gets done. The business intelligence would not be termed as such if the people and their processes are not apt and in line with the changing requirements of the time. They have to incorporate the role of the technology and therefore take care of the impending issues.

The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell Essay Example for Free

The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell Essay The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell’s 2000 bestseller, discusses how some trends becomes gigantically popular while others fade away in the background without even leaving any mark. The Tipping Point, he says, is â€Å"the moment of critical mass, the threshold, the boiling point,† (12) where the â€Å"unexpected becomes expected, where radical change is more than possibility† but already a certainty. (13-14) It is when certain ideas, products, messages or behaviors suddenly turn into something of an epidemic, where everyone or majority of the people all of a sudden gets caught up in it without warning. We know right away that a certain trend has become an epidemic: its spread demonstrates contagious behavior, little changes had affected its growth tremendously, and it happened fast. According to Gladwell, these characteristics of an epidemic can be rooted to three factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The Law of the Few is discussed in the second chapter aptly titled, â€Å"Connectors, Mavens, and Salesmen.† Gladwell explains that phenomenal trends can be attributed to the few people that, through word-of-mouth, are able to influence others to either love or hate the trend. Gladwell explains that â€Å"the success of any kind of social epidemic is heavily dependent on the involvement of people with a particular and rare set of social gifts.† (33) Connectors link different people to each other and are referred to as â€Å"people specialists† (59). Mavens, on the other hand, are â€Å"information brokers† that possess, share, and acquire information on a lot of different products, prices, or places. (62, 69) The third type of influential people would be the salesmen, who can persuade and convince others into believing what they want.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Stickiness Factor is a trend’s unique quality of being memorable, or of being able to â€Å"stick† to the minds of the public. The elements that make something sticky are not really wonderfully big or exciting; in fact, they are actually the small and seemingly trivial things that appear to be counterintuitive to the norm or conventional wisdom. For instance, the makers of Sesame Street thought it would be a good idea to educate children through television, even though experiments and educational experts saw television as having low involvement. (99-110) The simple idea of using television to teach children surprisingly became a success, which had been followed by other educational viruses such as Blue’s Clues. As Gladwell puts it, â€Å"there is a simple way to package information that, under the right circumstances, can make it irresistible† or sticky. (132)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, the Power of Context consists of the conditions and circumstances of the times and places in which trends occur. The environment and historical moments where the trend originates are also responsible for making it phenomenal. Contextual changes are responsible for tipping an epidemic, as is in the case of the crimes in New York City, wherein crime became a contagious behavior due to the circumstances in the city. (140-143) However, Gladwell also adds that Environmental Tipping Points can be changed and reversed, and even prevented. (167) Another element in the third factor would be social groups, which makes people â€Å"susceptible to peer pressure and social norms and any number of other kinds of influence that can play a critical role in sweeping us up in the beginnings of an epidemic.† (171) Socialization plays a large role in context, because the popularity of a trend also depends heavily on how the public responds to it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In his conclusion, Gladwell redefines Tipping Points as â€Å"a reaffirmation of the potential for change and the power of intelligence action.† (259) After investigating two case studies that further exemplify the Tipping Point and its factors, he suggests that we reframe the way we think about the world, and accept that change is possible and constant. Work Cited Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2000.

Domestic Violence and Health Promotion for Mildura

Domestic Violence and Health Promotion for Mildura In Australia, every 1 in 4 persons are affected by domestic violence, with Mildura ranking the second highest place for family violence in Victoria (Domestic violence resource centre Victoria, 2016). Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behaviour through which a person seeks to control and dominate another person, in which they may have relations with. It is not only physical, but can take on many other forms including sexual, emotional, social, spiritual and economic abuse that can be equally harmful. Violence against women is far greater with 17 per cent of all women and 5 per cent of men experiencing violence by a partner since the age of 15 (Phillips, 2017). 85-90% of incidents of domestic violence occur with children present, and impacts over one million Australian children a year (Sutherland, 2015). Victims suffer long term physical and psychological harm that can lead to negative behaviours such as drug and alcohol use, inherited grief and trauma, poverty and loss of traditional male and female role models within the community. Research has shown that the biggest contributor to domestic violence in regional Australia is the negative attitudes of men towards women, within a community that values traditional patriarchal gender roles, combined with increase alcohol consumption and the vulnerability of women and children (Sutherland, 2015). This essay will explore potential and past health promotion strategies for domestic violence that would be beneficial to implement within Mildura, how they align with the Ottawa charter, health promotion values and principles, and the contribution of occupational therapists. Health promotion strategies Mandatory school-based health programs School-based programs provide the strongest evidence of effectiveness in relation to violence prevention programs (Flood, Fergus, Heenan, 2009).ÂÂ   As a primary prevention plan, mandatory school based programs that take on a holistic approach through educating and advocating against domestic violence within both school and communities has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing family violence. Student-oriented activities including creation of DVDs, rap songs and other forms of media that raise awareness of domestic violence can be presented at different community events. Students are not only educated about negative effects of domestic violence, but they are influenced to feel responsible to advocate against it through community displays of their school work. The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation identified two programs in particular that were successful in influencing and empowering students to reshape their attitudes about this issue (Flood et al., 2009).ÂÂ   Positi ve Relationships and successful lives ran by Mallee sexual assault unit, was conducted within a mainstream secondary college, a specialist school for students who have an intellectual disability, and a local Indigenous KODE school. Students participated in a range of media based activities, in which they presented at community forums. Flood, Fergus and Heenan (2009) depicted that this program was successful due to: allowing students and the community to work together to advocate against domestic violence, the inclusion of indigenous and specialist schools, and being student-driven content that could be used in other prevention programs across the states. In addition, solving the Jigsaw, a program ran within schools of Loddon Mallee region educated children to understand the role of power and control over others to the culture of violence. They were to identify types of power, abuse and violence and acknowledge how violence should not be kept a secret. Milne (2006) stated in her clinical review that it challenged societys ideology e.g. gender issues, self-regard, culture of violence and providing confronting material that children can relate to. Children felt connected within the group, and at ease showing care to one another. It encouraged them to identify what actions were portrayed as violent, how to respond to situations and to speak out about their experiences. Both programs were successful in influencing students to view violence as unacceptable, and motivated them to seek help if needed. Behaviour change programs A behaviour change program that aims to change mens patriarchal ideology that men can take control over women, through teaching them to respond differently to trigger situations as well as counselling for alcohol driven domestic violence should be implemented in Mildura. Education and training can help perpetrators recognise their behaviour is abusive, and explore the use of non-violent strategies that promote intimate relationships built on respect, trust, and equality. A program in regional NSW called Taking Responsibility, has proven to have successful outcomes for men who wish to be better their relationships with partners and/or children. The program was evaluated using follow up interviews of men and partners of the men attending the program. Intended positive outcomes were achieved and expressed through quotations of the participants, and benefits included that men had learnt to change their attitudes towards women, and new ways to express their feelings instead of violence. M en felt they were accepted back by their partners which restored intimate partner relationships and strengthened family bonds. In addition, implementing cognitive-behavioural approaches has also proven successful in reducing alcohol related domestic violence. 53% per cent of women that have been physically assaulted by a male (in the past twenty years) reported that alcohol or drugs had been involved in their most recent incident (Phillips, 2017). Satyanarayana et al (2016) found that teaching cognitive-behavioral techniques including relaxation, anger management, assertiveness training and cognitive restructuring, is able to decrease alcohol consumption amongst men, and resulted in their partners having less depression, anxiety and stress from the DASS scores following intervention Mixed gender community sports programs A strategy that takes on a socio-environmental approach, is the use of well-known sports players to advocate against domestic violence through promoting positive relationships between girls and boys during mixed gender sports programs within the community. AFL football players can volunteer to participate within local football clubs to educate children about domestic violence, teaching them about what it is and why it is not acceptable, how to respond or avoid potential situations that could lead to violence, and access to help such as websites or phone lines. As children may view these players as role models, they will be more influenced to listen to them when out on the field.ÂÂ   An 8 week trial program called Equal Playing Field ran by the Rugby League used sport to minimise violence and assaults in less advantaged communities. This was first implemented for children in Papua New Guinea, and due to the high success rates, a school in Wollongong called Berkeleys Illawarra Spo rts High decided to also run the program. As a result, there were many positive reviews from both students, parents and the community when the well- known rugby players volunteered to educate the boys and girls during games of rugby. The mixed gender teams were encouraged to show good sportsmanship and positive behaviour and actions towards each-other, and acknowledge that violence between men and women within the home is not acceptable (Huntsdale, 2017). A similar program called Kicking goals for Healthy Relationships, created through the partnership of VicHealth and the Australian football league also depicted to be successful in engaging local rural communities and football clubs to promote respectful relationships between men and women (Loxton, Hosking, Williams, Brookes, Byles, 2008). Activities advocated and supported change in football club practises and policies to ensure safe, supportive and inclusive environments for women Both programs demonstrated the importance of usin g primary prevention interventions in highly masculinised environments (in this case sporting clubs), as boys attitudes are often shaped by other men they view as role models. The Ottawa charter and related health promotion values and principles The ability to create supportive environments and simultaneously strengthen community action is greatly shown in both Mandatory school based programs and community sports programs. These programs encourage people to care for each other through educating both students and the community to build healthy and respectful relationships with each other, and encourages change in attitudes towards domestic violence. This also strengthens the community actions as they are empowered to take ownership of these strategies such as advocating against domestic violence through displaying school work, or gathering at community sports events to advocate against domestic violence (The world health organisation, 2017). Through using methods such as education to empower youth to view domestic violence as unacceptable, both strategies align with Ottawa charter reorient health services as they focus strongly on primary promotion and preventative measures rather than secondary/tertiary. Establishing a policy where school based programs for domestic violence are made mandatory for all schools also aligns with building healthy public policy. It also greatly respects cultural diversity as students and/or schools from different culturally backgrounds i.g the local indigenous KODE school can implement the program. The community sports program mediates the ability for capacity building through collaboration and coordination of multiple parties within the community including local sports clubs and their teams, parents and AFL members. Therefore using pre-existing skills and resources within the community, not only encourages their participation, but also empowers them to feel responsible for this program which will help it remain sustainable in the long run. The behaviour change program supports Ottawa charter development of personal skills as it provides education and training for perpetrators of violence to develop skills, which enable them to have more control over their actions, so that they can respond appropriately to triggers that in the past would result in violence. This program takes on a holistic health approach through targeting perpetrators rather than the victims of domestic violence, in which far more programs for victims exist. Therefore, rather than focusing on treating consequences of domestic violence (i.e illness/injury) it takes into account the broader determinants of the people involved, such as their motivation for violence Occupational Therapy and health promotion Occupational therapists in Australia and worldwide can play a huge role in contributing to health promotion. They have the potential to raise awareness of domestic violence due to first- hand experience, however as there is little research available in occupational therapy literature, it is very difficult to single out well-known health promotion strategies. Some researchers have realised this, and conducted a systematic review of past programs/interventions implemented by occupational therapists who worked with victims of domestic violence. Carlson and Streit (2010) found that O.Ts have worked in more secondary/tertiary prevention settings, and key areas where they have added value in addressing domestic violence included advocating the importance of social support systems, providing training for emotional and financial troubles, as well as education on safety. Ramsay et al (2009) and Gutman et al (2004) depicted the important of occupational therapists using advocacy to connect those who were experiencing or had experienced domestic violence with social supports around the community and giving them resources that can help them become independent. It was found that women who were able to use community resources to find shelters or programs where other women in similar situations were found, was beneficial in stopping or preventing domestic violence. Through providing a range of support systems women learn to become re-engaged within their daily occupations and increase community participation. A stress management program for abused women promoted improvement in emotional well-being (Gutman et al, 2004). Women experience stress due to emotional issues surrounding the violence including feelings of helplessness and believing they deserved. Through learning strategies to manage stress, many participants were able to generalise learnt strategies outside the clinic, and increased their participation in previous activities that they were not able to do beforehand. Gutman et al (2004) also illustrated the importance of safety education, to decrease risk of partners becoming victim to domestic violence. Occupational therapists worked with woman to develop a safety plan: identifying a safe place to escape and connections to support systems so they could safety escape violent situations. Employment skills were the focus of an intervention designed by Helfrich and Rivera (2006), which supported women who had left their violent partners. Group sessions taught victims how to search for, apply for, and maintain a job, including how to write resumes, where and how to apply, completing mock interviews, and ways to advance in a job. Feedback given by participants were mostly positive and felt that they had learnt necessary skills to obtain a job within their community. Common challenges for occupational therapists It is somewhat difficult for occupational therapists to take particular health promotion approaches to address domestic violence. More than half of occupational therapists work in hospitals or outpatient settings where they fill secondary or tertiary health promoting roles through empowering people through education, training and equipment. Their aim being that their clients can develop the necessary skills to manage their chronic disease or injury and prevent further deterioration and potential secondary conditions. If occupational therapists turned to a more upstream primary prevention approach, it would be difficult to maintain the quality of services in the traditional downstream approach, and thus time constraints is also a pressure to adopt preventative health promotion role alongside their current remit (Scriven, Atwal, 2004). Occupational therapists, like any health profession, need to work with not only the health conditions of the community, but also their attitudes and social/cultural norms which can be barriers to implementing new programs. Communities that support or encourage the use of violence will make it very difficult for occupational therapist to implement a program advocates against domestic violence. For example intimate partner violence is accepted across India, Nigeria and China, where men have the right to discipline female behaviour. Sub groups of communities, can also have differing views of family violence, for example the indigenous communities or isolated rural areas within Australia may accept violence as a part of their culture, compared to the majority of the population who condone it (World Health Organisation, 2009). Lack of partnerships to establish a health promotion strategy is also a limitation for occupational therapists. Evidence has shown that occupational therapists often use concepts and medical terminology that can be misunderstood and possibly misconstrued in health promotion partnership arenas (Wilcock 1999, Townsend 1999). It is also found that it is easier for an occupational therapist to implement secondary health promotion such as cognitive behavioural training for perpetrators of violence rather than working towards implementing primary preventative approaches that rely on other organisations. In conclusion, with domestic violence being a significant issue in Mildura, health promotion strategies such as mandatory school based programs, behaviour change programs for perpetrators and community sports programs can influence members of the community to construct or change their attitudes towards domestic violence, to foster for healthy and respectful relationships. Occupational therapists face many challenges in the area of health promotion, as its harder for them to adopt an upstream primary preventative approach, due to time constraints and demands for secondary/tertiary care, as well as difficulty building partnerships and working with the differing cultural and social attitudes of specific communities. Furthermore, for occupational therapists wanting to become more engaged with health promotion, they need to be prepared to go extra lengths to gain power and respect from others, and have specific skills and resources to be able to facilitate for an upstream approach, to pre venting domestic violence in Mildura.

Rwanda-Hutus and Tutsis Essay examples -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The triumph of evil occurs when good men do nothing.† This quote was said by the modern day political philosopher, Edmund Burke. This quote means that it is when good people don’t take action that bad things are allowed to happen. This relates to the recent genocide in Rwanda, when the Hutus massacred the Tutsis over a period of 100 days in the summer of 1994. Three major ways in which good men did nothing is the UN’s avoided action, the soldiers who abandoned the Tutsis, and the United States’ refusal to use the word â€Å"genocide,† and took no action to prevent it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN did a large deal of procrastinating during the ordeal in Rwanda. At first, they wouldn’t even address that there was a problem, since no one stepped forward to say that there was one. They simply ignored it when the Rwanda ambassador told them that it was just a â€Å"civil war.† When the UN finally did admit to the fact that there was a problem, they made several promises of action. These promises were hollow. Few actions were actually made to defuse the problem. Now the UN had already broken its most sincere promise in only 50 years, to never allow the extermination of a single group of people. A promise made immediately following the end of the holocaust. All the UN really did was to send troops over there but that did little, the number of troop at one point was only a couple hundred, not nearly enough to stop the Hutu army. They also asked the US m...

Purchase Orders

ABC Instructor Assignments 1. Ken's Carpets sells carpet for both residential and business use. To better estimate costs, the company recently adopted an activity-based costing system. Last year, the company incurred $300,000 in overhead costs. Based on an intense study of their company, the following activities, allocation bases, and percentages of overhead costs were determined: Activity| Allocation Base| Proportion of Overhead Cost| Purchasing| Number of purchase orders| 25%| Materials processing| Number of square feet| 50%| Sales| Number of sales orders| 25%|The number of activities for residential and business is as follows: | Residential| | Business Total Total Overhead| Number of purchase orders| 700| | 500 1,200 75,000| Number of square feet| 4,000,000| | 2,000,000 6,000,000 150,000 | Number of sales orders| 400| | 100 500 75,000| Required: A. | Calculate the total overhead that should be allocated to each of the three activities. Number of Purchase $75,000, Number of square feet $150,000, Number of sales orders $75,000. | | B. | Calculate the overhead rates for each of the three activities. Number of purchase 62. 5, Number of square feet 0. 025, Number of sales orders 150| | | C. | If a particular residential job requires 4 purchase orders and 1 sales order for total of 1,500 square feet of carpet, how much overhead should be allocated to the job? 4*62. 5 + 0. 025*1,500+1*150 = $437. 50| 2. Mountaineer Tents manufactures and sells heavy and light duty tents to various outdoor retailers. To better estimate costs, the company recently adopted an activity-based costing system.Last year, the company incurred $900,000 in overhead costs. Based on an intense study of their company, the following activities, allocation bases, and percentages of overhead costs were determined: Activity| Allocation Base| Proportion of Overhead Cost| Purchasing| Number of purchase orders| 55%| Inspections| Number of inspections| 20%| Sales| Number of sales orders| 25%| The number of activities for heavy and light duty tents is as follows: | Heavy-duty| | Light-duty| Number of purchase orders| 5,000| | 4,000| Number of inspections| 3,000| | 1,000| Number of sales orders| 800| | 400| Required:A. | Calculate the total overhead that should be allocated to each of the three activities. Number of purchase 4,950, Number of inspection 800, Number of sales 300| | | B. | Calculate the overhead rates for each of the three activities. Number of purchase 1. 82, Number of inspection 5, Number of sales 4| | | C. | If a single sales order requires 10 purchase orders and 30 inspections to fill, how much overhead should be applied to the order? 1*4+10*1. 82+30*5 = 191. 82| 3. The following overhead cost information is available for Millennium Inc. for 2006: Activity| Allocation Base| Overhead Cost|Purchasing| Number of purchase orders| $300,000| Machine setups| Number of setups| 150,000| Quality control| Number of inspections| 50,000| During the year, 4,000 purchase orders w ere issued; 8,000 machine setups were performed; and 2,000 inspections were conducted. Required: A. | Calculate the overhead rates for each of the three activities. Purchasing 75. 00, Machine Setups 18. 75, Quality Control 25| | | B. | If a particular job requires 10 purchase orders, 6 setups, and 5 inspections to fill, how much overhead should be applied to the job? | 10*75+6*18. 75+25*5 = 987. 5

Insight on Macro Economics

Question 1: financial globalization Over the years since World War 2 we have seen economists battle on the idea for and against of financial globalization. The topic had been there during previous years but not much attention was paid into it, it only attracted attention after the effects of World War 2 let to social unification. This is idea suggests that all the countries of the world should unite economically by setting up a global financial institution to standardize al the economic activities of the world. The pros and cones have laid out with case studies on regional bodies and domestic financial institutions being cited to back up various claims that take different stands on the issue.Both Mishkin and Rogoff acknowledged that if the world would be a better place if it had a global financial institution. Even with this in mind, they never failed to say that the idea is a pipe dream as there are many economic, social and political variables round it. Unifying all the three factors would be daunting even from the onset and it would be a miracle if the unification worked. They stated that even if all odds were beaten and the institution was formed; developing countries would end up losing market and money as the developed countries would exploit them. The two agreed that if formed, the international institution would be more successful as it will have many investors from developing countries and be disbursing high return interest loans to developed countries for them to invest in developing countries. Professor Kling agrees with the two economists up to the point that formation of a global financial institution is an imaginary (Lawrence-2001) object but takes a turn on the point that the institution would be more successful. Kling argues that economic problems domestic institutions face are the exact one the global institution will face but a larger and much devastating state.If a crisis arises, the international institution would cut the money it loans and raise the interests on the money. This would not be harsh stance as just like any business, the institution would want to grow its profit base and reduce risks. Developing countries that would by then be so dependant to the institution will be affected terribly as the probability of their economies collapsing would be so high. Mishkin, Rogoff and Kling all agree with this theory and each of them made reference to the behavior of the international monetary fund when an economic crisis arises. Benefits that the international institution will pass to the global community fixed. It would quickly restore liquidity if asked to because it would have a perpetual stability and flow of cash. Making available long term loans will be an easy task for the institution (chui-2002). Opening markets will be among the merits of an international as all countries will be operating under the same economic laws. Diversifying the market base will be another benefit as there will be numerous markets for different goods. Note; the previous statement will work if the global community allows production specialization policy to work. All these benefits have been agreed to by Mishkin and Rogof but Kling refutes the point that loans will be available to all countries. He says that is an impractical suggestion. There are elaborate disadvantages of the international institution if it is formed. Huge disparities in economic growth would be inevitable. We would see developing countries grow in economy as the developing counties would be seeing a drop in their GDP. The institution will cause an increase of taxes globally incase an economic bomb explodes and its liquidity goes down. The institution will kill productivity of small countries if it does not make policies that facilitate the smooth transfer of technology from developed to developing countries. Most of the skilled and unskilled labor force in developed countries will be left jobless as their companies will prefer manufacturing products in less developed countries that have low wage payouts.Question B1: contrast on transmission mechanismsTaylor and Lucas are profound economists that have made phenomenal economic revelations and added spice to works of Meynerd Keynes. Their insight on transmission mechanism is what staged their professionalism and expertise in the field of economics. They have divergent and convergent views relating to the topic; let us analyze them. The similarity they hold is that they both support the use of short term interest rates and investment on short term high return bonds and securities to propel economic growth, better known as financial market price review (taylor-1995). They say this is the only way the American banks maintain their liquidity. They also agree that how money is transferred between accounts and the number of times it circulates should be increased so as to maximize its efficiency; this is known as limited participation (tobin-1969). Credit view is one of the clashing points between the two professionals; Taylor fully supports the policy but Lucas admonishes it. Taylor advocates for unison change in lending rate policies among banks as Lucas stands for free financial flowing activities. Question B2: not what they had in mindKlings books explains a chronological order of events that led to the 2007/2008 financial crises that left many big companies bankrupt and with large debts, this is the year in united states history that stock prices shot and the exchange market remained shocked. He states that it is also a year to be remembered as there was widespread public outcry because people were being kicked out of their mortgages (kling-2009). It depicts how the bad economic policies made by previous governments led to the catastrophic time. He compares the laws of the times from 1930 to 1970 then 2001 when the policies were changed but that that could not save or salvage the 2008 disruption from taking place. The title highlights that the thoughts that were behind the previous policy makers did not come to be as they made poor economic judgments. The general idea is that the policies be changed and that companies customize the laws according to their own needs to avoid a scenario similar to the 2007/2008 one. The book gives insights and acts as a wake up to the policy makers, the banking and insurance companies and the general public; main consumers.Mr Kling urged the public to come up with innovations that would help cruise through bad economic times like the one in 2007/2008. He also urges the government to thoroughly scrutinize bills before passing them into laws as they would turn to be harmful in future times. He made the previous as a sig to acknowledge that economic forces are not static and they require revision from time to time. Here he lay an example that innovation would help reduce future effects as they did by helping quash the Glass-Stealgall act of 1933 (krugman-2002). The act prohibited interstate banking and also outlawed the merging of investment and commercial banks. Many economists including Kling said that the policy makers of that time passed the act as they thought that if banks were allowed to operate nationally they would be more powerful than other federal agencies. They also thought that merging of banks would create a monopoly and catalyze an economic breakdown.By equity finance; financial institutions would be reducing the economic burden by sharing risks. Kling sees this method work more efficiently if financial institutions merge. He also adds the money to be placed in the investment should be given I bits. This will allow the institution to study the market as the venture grows, in case they notice a downward or predict a loss the company can always pull out of the deal safely. This method has fewer sets of threats to loss than giving out all the cash for investment in one bit. Equity he says will prevent a coming from running out of liquidity. If the investment return is high, an institution can always remain in service even if it is funding different projects from different parties. In his introduction Mr Kling named bad bets and excessive leverage to be among the four practices financial institutions engaged in that led to the crisis. Prior to 2008 many lenders would typically really on institution credit scores before giving out loans; if they noticed that the borrower had good scores they would not hesitate giving him the loan in one sum. They did this even before assessing investment they were funding. The financial institutions would later come back to collect the money or claim the property, this is what led to the collapse of minor banks in the US. In his analysis if the matter he states that equity finance can help counter this effect as institutions that use it will save money and reduce the risk of becoming bankrupt by 40%. It is the excessive bets placed on none return investments that lead to excessive leverage. He structures the equity funding policy as a way of keeping the financial institutions in check with their investments. The actions that I would propose to the state is; creation of a federal body that will be mandated to assess the market viability of projects and investment opportunities. This body should then approve and certify that the project is truly worth the money requested in the quotation. I also recommend that banks be more open with their liquidity information and hand it over to the body that certifies projects. After certification the body will now recommend the project owner to an institution with that kind of money. This action will save many banks from collapse as many of them succumb to greed; bad bets.ReferencesBook written by Michael Chui in 2002Sovereignty liquidity crisis; analysis and complications for public policyBook written by A Lawrence in 2001International financial crisis; causes prevention and curesOnline Article from the new York times newspaperhttps;//www.nytimes/2002/08/02/opinion/duby-s-double-dip.htmlBook written by professor Kling'Not what they thought'Book written by Tobin in 1968 and published in 1969Theory of investmentBook written by Ando in 1958 and published in 1963'The life cycle theory of consumption'

What Are the Reason Some People Choose to Have Cosmetic Surgery?

In this era, there are a number of people immigrating to Canada. They are immigrating for the sake of getting enormous benefits from Canada, but they also face many problems in Canada. They have job problems because of low pay rate. People face another problem regarding their health. The Canadian weather is not better because it is cold, so it has bad effects on immigrants health. There are many problems for immigrants in Canada. They have culture and language problems. They cannot speak good English. There are three main effects of immigrants social life, health, and culture. The first effect on immigration come to Canada is social life. People have problems in social life. For example, full time work does not allow immigrants to enjoy their social lives. Sometimes, they do not get time to meet their parents, and they are not able to meet their friends as well. People are in a fun exciting stage in their life, but their full time schedule for work is destroying their fun in their social life. For instance, they cannot attend any family function and parties where they can meet their social needs of their lives. Immigrants cannot attend other function like New Year functions and parties because of busy schedule. For example, if they have family function with relatives. They do not have time for attend this function. They have a busy schedule of jobs. The second effect on immigrants to Canada is health. People get health- related problems very quickly. For example, the Canadian weather is mostly cold and climatic conditions are quite different from other countries. Moreover, people feel homesickness when they immigrant to Canada because they miss their proximate and dear ones. Therefore, people get health problems very quickly after they immigrated to Canada. The final effect on immigrants to Canada is culture and language. People feel uncomfortable when they need to explain their views with other people and in another language. For example, some people do not know how to speak in English, so they feel odd and insecure. To add up, every community has their own culture. People get problems when they need to adjust to another culture. They feel awkward when showing their culture to other communities. To conclude, there are negative effects on immigrant to Canada. Social life, health, and culture are three major effects of immigration for the domestic and immigrating people. They get sick and feel uncomfortable in Canada. Also, they face many problems, but the number of people immigrating in the future will increase.

Evaluatin of Feasibility of Financial Stability in Increasingly Essay

Evaluatin of Feasibility of Financial Stability in Increasingly Globalized Economy - Essay Example There comes a question whether the current increasing trend of globalization is leading the countries towards financial stability or not, is yet to explore. This article critically discusses the question whether increasing globalization directs the financial stability in detail with both arguments in favor as well as against of this question. This article is structured in such a manner that it is divided into four major parts such that the first section emphasizes on the concept of globalization followed by second section which describes phenomenon of financial stability. Third section of this article provides arguments in favor of the statement that increasing globalization assists in gaining more financial stability followed by the last section which provides opposite arguments in contradiction of that statement. Conclusion will lead to an end of this discussion. Globalization The term globalization has different meanings and different interpretations but over here its meaning is t aken as the phenomenon due to which the individuals have come closer to each other beyond their geographical boundaries. Today, if any individual whether a person or a country wants to develop some sort of relationship with other individual, that decision is not even in his/her capacity such that all other individuals have joined hands and became a unit. So in case, if an individual tries to be isolated and independent from other individuals, this possibility has become quite rare. If this concept of globalization is viewed on a broader level in terms of the international relations developed among different countries of the world, an important trend can be noticed such that more frequent changes have emerged as the nations are shaking hands with each other despite of even having the worst historical experiences. The current trend which is highly adopted by the countries as well as leading towards an increasingly globalized society is the unification of different sorts of block on di fferent basis (Greenidge, 2008). These blocks are developed due to some mutual interests of the countries such that different backgrounds set the stage for the countries to develop such blocks. For instance, oil producing countries have developed their own block and decide as per their own preferences about the production and supply of oil. Similarly, some countries establish a block for their mutual economic interest like the case of European Union. There are blocks which are developed due to mutual defence related interests for the security of those countries. So in a nutshell, the most important reason behind current movement of emergence of globalization is the increasing pattern of building up various kinds of blocks based on the mutual interests of the participant countries (Greenidge, 2008). Financial Stability The concept of financial stability refers to the financial environment whether on an individual level of a country or on global basis such that the participants of tha t environment feel confident regarding the value of their economic and financial resources (Rahn, 2010). Basically, it is the confidence level of the people or countries that bring financial stability into that particular region. If the people or institutions are

American Memory of the Second World War Versus American's Experience Essay

American Memory of the Second World War Versus American's Experience of the Second World War - Essay Example Yet the fact remains that the liberation of Jews and other such interests where not America’s primary concern in entering World War II. Despite the fact that we knew the extermination of Jews was ongoing, we largely stayed aloof from the conflict for some time, only entering reluctantly when attacked by Japan in 1941. Much of our national memory remembers the European front of the Second World War more than the Pacific front – this is where the liberation of concentration camps happened, and where the war’s principle villain, Adolf Hitler, lived and was slain. But the fact is, most of the Second World War was the Pacific front for America. We entered the Second World War on December 8th, 1941, after the Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor (Roosevelt 187). From this point until D-Day in 1944, America fought exclusively a battle of self-defense turned offense against the Japanese in the Pacific, island hopping towards the eventual goal of reclaiming the Philippines and defeating the Japanese. We only entered into war with Germany because of an entanglement of alliances, where the Germans and Japanese had a mutual defense pact. This is not to say that Roosevelt was not eager to enter the Second World War, but rather than the American people were very reticent, and only entered due to an unprovoked attack, not out of some kind of humanitarian gesture. Some argue that we had only an incomplete understanding of the extermination happening in Germany, and that if we had known more fully action would have been swifter. But as of December 28, 1942, reporters already had firm numbers about the millions who were being slaughtered or shipped to concentration camps (Fry 194). The numbers reported were entirely insufficient to explore the horror being exacted: â€Å"In the city of Riga, Latvia, 8,000 Jews were killed in a single night† or â€Å"in the ghetto of Warsaw, in which 550,000 Jews once dwelt, there are today fewer than 50,000† (Fry 194). And reporters also knew that this massacre, or at least a pattern of violence, murder and intimidation, was ongoing for years before this. The reporter Varian Fry indicating that he learned as of â€Å"1938† that â€Å"the Nazi leaders openly encouraged burning of synagogues, the pillage of Jewish homes, and the murder of their inhabitants† (Fry 194). So either reporters were doing a miserable job communicating their knowledge to the public, or else the American public was simply not overly concerned with the wholesale massacre of the Jews in Europe. America did play an important role in World War II – but it was a reluctant one – the war America fought was mostly in the pacific, with only a year of combat actually on European soil. And though the heroism of American soldiers who risked their lives in the freeing of concentration camps must be commended, it is important to record documents such as these, and remember what actually occurred during t he Second World War – America stayed neutral far after most of the world had entered the fray, and far after it had become apparent